References;
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.
(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
Adelheid (or Alida) DE HOLLAND
References;
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.
(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
Marguerite II DE FLANDERS Cnts.of Flanders
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
(17) Magna Charta Sureties.
(18) Manga Charta Barons.
(19) Magna Charta, Wurts.
(20) Americans of Royal Descent, Browning.
(21) Royal Daughters of England.
(22) Kings of England.
(23) Burke's Peerage.
(24) Histoire de la Maison Royale de France, Pere Anselme.
(25) Royalty for Commoners, Roderick Stuart, page 39.
Count of Holland (Florence) FLORIS IV
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
Mechtilda (Mathilde) of BRABANT
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
References:
(1) Journal of Ancient and Medieval Studies, Vol. VI, page 89.
The Octavian Society.Historical Notes:
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
(17) Magna Charta Sureties.
Historical Notes:
(1) Walram III, Duke of Limburg; Count in the Ardennergau;
Marquis of Arlon; Duke of Montjoy; Count of Luxembourg; and Count de la Roche.
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
(17) Magna Charta Sureties.
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
Philippine (or Philippa) DE DREUX Dame de Coucy
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
(17) Magna Charta Sureties.
(18) Manga Charta Barons.
(19) Magna Charta, Wurts.
(20) Americans of Royal Descent, Browning.
(21) Royal Daughters of England.
(22) Kings of England.
(23) Burke's Peerage.
(24) Histoire de la Maison Royale de France, Pere Anselme.
Adelheild (Alieda) Countess of (Guelders) GELRE
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
(17) Magna Charta Sureties.
(18) Manga Charta Barons.
(19) Magna Charta, Wurts.
(20) Americans of Royal Descent, Browning.
(21) Royal Daughters of England.
(22) Kings of England.
(23) Burke's Peerage.
(24) Histoire de la Maison Royale de France, Pere Anselme.
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
(17) Magna Charta Sureties.
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
(17) Magna Charta Sureties.
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
(17) Magna Charta Sureties.
References:
(1) Royal Genealogies, page 542.
(2) Chronological Chart, page 9.
(3) Ancestral Roots, page 98, 129.
(4) Magna Charta, page 217, 1981.
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
(17) Magna Charta Sureties.
(18) Manga Charta Barons.
(19) Magna Charta, Wurts.
(20) Americans of Royal Descent, Browning.
(21) Royal Daughters of England.
(22) Kings of England.
(23) Burke's Peerage.
(24) Histoire de la Maison Royale de France, Pere Anselme.
(25) Royalty for Commoners, Roderick Stuart, page 40.
References:
(1) Royal Ancestors of Some American Families, compiled by Michel L. Call.
(2) The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, George
Andrews Moriarty.(3) Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis.
(4) Stammtafeln Zur Geschichte Der Europaischen Staaten, Wilhelm Karl, Prinz
Von Isenburg.(5) Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne.
(6) The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald
Paget.(7) The American Genealogist.
(8) The Genealogist.
(9) The New England Historical and Genealogical Register.(10) The Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily Neville, Ernst Friedrick
Kraentzler.(11) The Plantagenet Ancestry, W. H. Turton.
(12) Tableaux Genealogiques des Souverains de la France et de seu Grands
Feudataires, Paris, 1863.(13) The House of Adam, Georgia B. Schwartz, 4 volumes.
(14) Archive Records, The Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(15) Tablettes Chronologiques.
(16) From Whence We Came, Burdick.
(17) Magna Charta Sureties.
(18) Manga Charta Barons.
(19) Magna Charta, Wurts.
(20) Americans of Royal Descent, Browning.
(21) Royal Daughters of England.
(22) Kings of England.
(23) Burke's Peerage.
(24) Histoire de la Maison Royale de France, Pere Anselme.
(25) Royalty for Commoners, Roderick Stuart, page 40.